{
  "paper": {
    "school": "Nanyang",
    "year": 2022,
    "level": "P1",
    "label": "Topical Test 2",
    "source_prefix": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2",
    "has_answer_key": true
  },
  "questions": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "What is the position of the ambulance from the right?",
      "answer0": "5th",
      "answer1": "2nd",
      "answer2": "3rd",
      "answer3": "4th",
      "correct_answer": 3,
      "skill_id": 7,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "From the right the vehicles are: plane (1st), car (2nd), police car (3rd), ambulance (4th). So the ambulance is 4th from the right.",
      "hints": ["Start counting from the right end.", "The plane is on the far right, so it is 1st."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q1",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": "q1.png",
      "image_page": 1,
      "image_loc": "middle of page, row of 5 vehicles (helicopter, ambulance, police car, car, plane) labelled Left and Right",
      "notes": "Answer key = option 4 (4th). Image is required to count positions."
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "What is the next shape in the pattern?",
      "answer0": "Shape 1",
      "answer1": "Shape 2",
      "answer2": "Shape 3",
      "answer3": "Shape 4",
      "correct_answer": 3,
      "skill_id": 6,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "The pattern repeats a unit of a black tall triangle then a white smaller triangle. The next shape is the tall white triangle (option 4).",
      "hints": ["Look for the repeating group of shapes.", "What shape comes right after the last black triangle?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q2",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": true,
      "image_file": "q2.png",
      "image_loc": "pattern strip of triangles near top of page; four answer triangles below",
      "notes": "Answer key = option 4. Options are pictures (triangles), so image_options true; crop each option to q2_opt0.png..q2_opt3.png and the pattern strip to q2.png. answer0..3 are placeholder labels."
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "What is the missing number in the circle?",
      "answer0": "14",
      "answer1": "15",
      "answer2": "16",
      "answer3": "19",
      "correct_answer": 1,
      "skill_id": 6,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "The sequence 17, ?, 13, 11, 9, 7 decreases by 2 each step. The missing number is 17 - 2 = 15.",
      "hints": ["Look at how the numbers change from one circle to the next.", "Each number is 2 less than the one before it."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q3",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": "q3.png",
      "image_loc": "chain of arrowed circles: 17 -> ? -> 13 -> 11 -> 9 -> 7, below the question",
      "notes": "Answer key = option 2 (15)."
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "Which two numbers have a sum of 18?",
      "answer0": "4 and 7",
      "answer1": "6 and 8",
      "answer2": "5 and 7",
      "answer3": "9 and 9",
      "correct_answer": 3,
      "skill_id": 13,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "9 + 9 = 18. The other pairs give 11, 14 and 12.",
      "hints": ["Add the two numbers in each option.", "Which pair makes exactly 18?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q4",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = option 4 (9 and 9)."
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "The missing number is the greatest. What is the missing number?",
      "answer0": "18",
      "answer1": "15",
      "answer2": "9",
      "answer3": "4",
      "correct_answer": 0,
      "skill_id": 4,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "The shown cards are 16, 7 and 12. The missing card must be greater than all of them, so it is 18.",
      "hints": ["The missing number must be larger than 16, 7 and 12.", "Which option is bigger than 16?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q5",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": "q5.png",
      "image_loc": "row of four number cards: 16, 7, ?, 12 below the lead-in",
      "notes": "Answer key = option 1 (18). Image shows the number cards 16, 7, ?, 12."
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "What is the missing number? 10 - 7 = [?]",
      "answer0": "17",
      "answer1": "2",
      "answer2": "3",
      "answer3": "8",
      "correct_answer": 2,
      "skill_id": 13,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "10 - 7 = 3.",
      "hints": ["Count back 7 from 10.", "10 take away 7 leaves how many?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q6",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = option 3 (3). Equation rendered inline in the stem; no figure required."
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "What is 3 less than 11?",
      "answer0": "14",
      "answer1": "12",
      "answer2": "8",
      "answer3": "4",
      "correct_answer": 2,
      "skill_id": 13,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "3 less than 11 means 11 - 3 = 8.",
      "hints": ["'3 less than' means subtract 3.", "11 - 3 = ?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q7",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = option 3 (8). The row of empty circles on the page is decorative working space, not load-bearing; no image needed."
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "There are 9 children singing in the hall. 4 of them are boys. How many girls are there?",
      "answer0": "5",
      "answer1": "6",
      "answer2": "13",
      "answer3": "14",
      "correct_answer": 0,
      "skill_id": 15,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "9 children minus 4 boys = 5 girls.",
      "hints": ["Take the number of boys away from the total.", "9 - 4 = ?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q8",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = option 1 (5). The 9 stick-figure children are decorative; all numbers given in text, so no image needed."
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "What is the shape of the biscuit?",
      "answer0": "square",
      "answer1": "triangle",
      "answer2": "circle",
      "answer3": "rectangle",
      "correct_answer": 2,
      "skill_id": 26,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "The biscuit is round, so its shape is a circle.",
      "hints": ["Look at the outline of the biscuit.", "Is it round or does it have corners?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q9",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": "q9.png",
      "image_loc": "round speckled biscuit centred near top of page",
      "notes": "Answer key = circle. Original was a tick-the-box task (square/triangle/circle); converted to MCQ. Added 'rectangle' as a 4th distractor. Image of the biscuit is required."
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "Write eleven in numeral. [?]",
      "answer0": "11",
      "answer1": null,
      "answer2": null,
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 3,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "Eleven written as a numeral is 11.",
      "hints": ["One ten and one one.", "It comes right after 10."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q10",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = 11. This covers part a) only. Part b) 'Write 15 in words' is split out as Q10b (next entry) because it is best served as an MCQ rather than a fragile text fill-in."
    },
    {
      "n": "10b",
      "type_id": 1,
      "question": "Write 15 in words.",
      "answer0": "fifteen",
      "answer1": "fifty",
      "answer2": "fourteen",
      "answer3": "five",
      "correct_answer": 0,
      "skill_id": 3,
      "difficulty_id": 1,
      "explanation": "15 in words is fifteen.",
      "hints": ["It is one ten and five ones.", "Do not confuse it with fifty (50)."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q10",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = fifteen. Word-answer rendered as MCQ per spec (text fill-ins grade by fragile exact match)."
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "Write one addition equation for the picture. [?] + [?] = [?]",
      "answer0": "4",
      "answer1": "4",
      "answer2": "8",
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 9,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "The first box has 4 pineapples and the second box has 4 pineapples, so 4 + 4 = 8.",
      "hints": ["Count the pineapples in each box.", "Add the two groups together."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q11",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": "q11.png",
      "image_loc": "two boxes of pineapples (4 and 4) below part a); answer box-circle-box-circle-box row beneath",
      "notes": "Answer key = 4 + 4 = 8. Part a) only. Number-bond / write-the-equation converted to FIB. Image of the two pineapple groups required. Part b) split out as Q11b."
    },
    {
      "n": "11b",
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "Write one subtraction equation for the picture. [?] - [?] = [?]",
      "answer0": "8",
      "answer1": "3",
      "answer2": "5",
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 9,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "There are 8 pineapples and 3 are crossed out, so 8 - 3 = 5.",
      "hints": ["Count all the pineapples, then count the crossed-out ones.", "Take the crossed-out ones away."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q11",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": "q11b.png",
      "image_loc": "single row of 8 pineapples with the last 3 crossed out, below part b)",
      "notes": "Answer key = 8 - 3 = 5. Image (8 pineapples, last 3 crossed out) is required to read the equation."
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "How many more dragonflies are there in Set B than in Set A? [?]",
      "answer0": "4",
      "answer1": null,
      "answer2": null,
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 15,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "Set A has 7 dragonflies and Set B has 11. 11 - 7 = 4 more in Set B.",
      "hints": ["Count the dragonflies in each set.", "Find the difference between the two counts."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q12",
      "image_needed": true,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": "q12.png",
      "image_loc": "two bordered boxes labelled Set A (7 dragonflies) and Set B (11 dragonflies) at top of page",
      "notes": "Answer key = 4. Counts: Set A = 7, Set B = 11. Image required; crop must show both full sets so the counts are verifiable."
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "At a library, Devi is in the 4th position in the queue to borrow a book. There are 5 people behind her. How many people are there in the queue? [?]",
      "answer0": "9",
      "answer1": null,
      "answer2": null,
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 15,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "Devi being 4th means 4 people are in front of and including her, and 5 are behind. 4 + 5 = 9 people.",
      "hints": ["4th position means 4 people up to and including Devi.", "Add the 5 people behind her."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q13",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = 9 people. No figure on page."
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "There are 13 carrots in Garden A. There are 5 carrots in Garden B. How many carrots are there altogether in the two gardens? [?] + [?] = [?]",
      "answer0": "13",
      "answer1": "5",
      "answer2": "18",
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 15,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "13 carrots + 5 carrots = 18 carrots altogether.",
      "hints": ["Add the carrots in Garden A and Garden B.", "13 + 5 = ?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q14",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = 13 + 5 = 18. Carrot pictures illustrate the given numbers (13 and 5) which are stated in text, so no image needed. Final answer 18."
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "Lilian has 14 flowers at first. Her mother gives her another 6 flowers. How many flowers does she have altogether now? [?] + [?] = [?]",
      "answer0": "14",
      "answer1": "6",
      "answer2": "20",
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 15,
      "difficulty_id": 2,
      "explanation": "14 flowers + 6 flowers = 20 flowers altogether.",
      "hints": ["Add the flowers she had to the ones her mother gave.", "14 + 6 = ?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q15",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = 14 + 6 = 20. Flower pictures illustrate the given numbers (14 and 6) stated in text, so no image needed. Final answer 20."
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "All the ants were on a plate at first. Soon, 11 ants crawled away to look for food. Then, there were 4 ants left on the plate. How many ants were there on the plate at first? [?] + [?] = [?]",
      "answer0": "11",
      "answer1": "4",
      "answer2": "15",
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 15,
      "difficulty_id": 3,
      "explanation": "The ants that crawled away plus the ants left equal the starting number: 11 + 4 = 15 ants.",
      "hints": ["Put back together the ants that left and the ants that stayed.", "11 + 4 = ?"],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q16",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = 11 + 4 = 15. Ant pictures illustrate the numbers (11 + 4) stated in text, so no image needed. Part-whole 'find the whole' problem; final answer 15."
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "type_id": 2,
      "question": "Li Wen and Deepa have some balls. Li Wen has 7 balls. Deepa has 2 fewer balls than Li Wen. How many balls do they have altogether? [?]",
      "answer0": "12",
      "answer1": null,
      "answer2": null,
      "answer3": null,
      "correct_answer": null,
      "skill_id": 15,
      "difficulty_id": 3,
      "explanation": "Deepa has 7 - 2 = 5 balls. Together: 7 + 5 = 12 balls.",
      "hints": ["First find how many balls Deepa has (2 fewer than 7).", "Then add Li Wen's 7 and Deepa's amount."],
      "source": "Nanyang 2022 P1 Topical Test 2 Q17",
      "image_needed": false,
      "image_options": false,
      "image_file": null,
      "notes": "Answer key = 12 balls. Original asked the pupil to draw balls in boxes; the final numeric answer is definite, so converted to FIB rather than type_id 0. Two-step problem (7 - 2 = 5, then 7 + 5 = 12)."
    }
  ]
}